Kidney injury molecule-1 is up-regulated in renal epithelial cells in response to oxalate in vitro and in renal tissues in response to hyperoxaluria in vivo.

Oxalate is a metabolic end product excreted by the kidney.Mild increases in urinary oxalate are most commonly associated with Nephrolithiasis.Chronically high levels of urinary oxalate, as seen in patients with primary hyperoxaluria, are driving factor for recurrent renal stones, and ultimately lead to renal failure, calcification of soft tissue an

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PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) (PAM) pathways play important roles in breast bostik mvp tumorigenesis and confer worse prognosis in breast cancer patients.The inhibitors targeting three key nodes of these pathways, PI3K, AKT and mTOR, are continuously developed.For breast

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